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The connective "is" is implied rather than stated as it would be in modern English. (Hear, O Israel, the Name is our God, the Name is One.) Eḥad - the cardinal number oneĪnother possibility is the Samaritan reading: Shema Yisrael Shema Eloheinu Shema Eḥad. Eloheinu - the plural 1st person possessive of אֱלֹהִים Elohim, meaning “ our God”. The literal word meanings are roughly as follows: Shema - listen, or hear & do (according to the Targum, accept) Yisrael - Israel, in the sense of the people or congregation of Israel Adonai - often translated as "LORD", it is read in place of YHWH Samaritans say Shema, which is Aramaic for "the Name" and is the exact equivalent of the Hebrew "ha-Shem", which Rabbinic Jews substitute for "Adonai" in a non-liturgical context such as everyday speech. For this reason, the Shema is recited aloud as: Shema Yisrael Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Eḥad - Hear, O Israel: the Lord is our God, the Lord is One Rabbinic Judaism teaches that the Tetragrammaton (י-ה-ו-ה), YHWH, is the ineffable and actual name of God, and as such is not read aloud in the Shema but is traditionally replaced with אדני, Adonai ("Lord"). The first paragraph of the Shema seen in a Torah scroll Modern Kabbalistic schools, namely that of the Ari, teach that when one recites the last letter of the word "'eḥad'" (אחד), meaning "one", he or she is to intend that he is ready to "die into God". The idea thus conveyed is that through the recitation or proclamation of the Shema one is a living witness testifying to the truth of its message. There are two larger-print letters in the first sentence ('ayin ע and daleth ד) which, when combined, spell "עד". As the Ten Commandments were removed from daily prayer in the Mishnaic period (70-200 CE), the Shema is seen as an opportunity to commemorate the Ten Commandments. The three portions relate to central issues of Jewish belief.Īdditionally, the Talmud points out that subtle references to the Ten Commandments can be found in the three portions.
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The recitation of the Shema in the liturgy, however, consists of three portions: Deuteronomy 6:4–9, 11:13-21, and Numbers 15:37–41.
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Originally, the Shema consisted only of one verse: Deuteronomy 6:4 (see Talmud Sukkot 42a and Berachot 13b). 8 Divine Unity of the Shema in Hasidic philosophy.